Чутки як соціокомунікаційний феномен

Автор(и)

  • О. А. Юркова Видавничо-поліграфічний інститут, Національний технічний університет України «Київський політехнічний інститут імені Ігоря Сікорського», Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9282-866X

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.20535/2522-1078.2021.1(9).240615

Ключові слова:

соціальні комунікації; чутки; соціальні медіа; вплив чуток; фейкові новини.

Анотація

У статті розглянуто особливості феномену чуток, обставини, за яких вони виникають, суспільну роль, яку вони виконують. Наведено стислий аналіз ключових етапів вивчення феномену чуток у різні історичні періоди. Відповідно до цього виокремлено головні характеристики та спроби систематизації чуток на різних етапах розвитку наукової думки. Зроблено висновок, що чутки є особливим жанром комунікації зі специфічними характеристиками.  Поява, розповсюдження та потенційні наслідки чуток аналізуються з точки зору масових комунікацій з урахуванням напрацювань суміжних наук. Використано доробок науковців у царині психології, соціальної психології, соціології, історії, політичних технологій, реклами.  Окрему увагу приділено новітній проблематиці, пов’язаній з особливостями й наслідками поширення чуток у соціальних мережах.

Посилання

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Prasad, J. (1950). A comparative study of rumours and reports in earthquakes. British Journal of Psychology, Vol. 41, pp. 129–144. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8295.1950.tb00271.x.

Knapp, R. H. (1944). A psychology of rumor. Public Opinion Quarterly, Vol. 8, pp. 22–37. https://doi.org/10.1086/265665.

Allport, G. W., & Postman, L. (1947). The psychology of rumor. New York: Henry Holt.

Shibutani, T. (1966). Improvised news: A sociological study of ru­mor. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill.

Davis, Keith. (1971). Human behavior at work : human relations and organizational behavior. New York : McGraw-Hill.

Davis, K. (1975, June). Cut those rumors down to size. Supervisory Management, pp. 2–6.

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Yang, F., Liu, Y., Yu, X., & Yang, M. (2012). Automatic detection of rumor on Sina Weibo. MDS ‘12. https://doi.org/10.1145/2350190.2350203.

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San Diego, California: Association for Computational Linguistics. https://www.doi.org/10.18653%2Fv1%2FW16-0403.

Liang, G., He, W., Xu, C., Chen, L., & Zeng, J. (2015). Rumor Identification in Microblogging Systems Based on Users’ Behavior.IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems, Vol. 2, pp. 99–108. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSS.2016.2517458.

Qin, Y., Wurzer, D., Lavrenko, V., & Tang, C. (2016). Spotting Rumors via Novelty Detection. ArXiv, abs/1611.06322. Retrieved 19 March 2021 from https://arxiv.org/abs/1611.06322v1.

Ma, J., Gao, W., Mitra, P., Kwon, S., Jansen, B. J., Wong, K. F., & Cha, M. (2016). Detecting rumors from microblogs with recurrent neural networks. IJCAI International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 2016-January, pp. 3818–3824. Retrieved 19 March 2021 from https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/sis_research/4630/

Vosoughi, S., & Roy, D. (2015). A Human-Machine Collaborative System for Identifying Rumors on Twitter. 2015 IEEE International Conference on Data Mining Workshop (ICDMW), pp. 47–50. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDMW.2015.221.

Kotnis, B., & Kuri, J. (2014). Cost Effective Rumor Containment in Social Networks. ArXiv, abs/1403.6315. Retrieved 19 March 2021 from https://arxiv.org/pdf/1403.6315.pdf.

Ping,Y, Cao, Z & Zhu.H. (2014). Sybil-aware least cost rumor blo­cking in social networks. In IEEE Global Communications Confe­rence (pp. 692-697). Austin, TX, USA. https://doi.org/10.1109/GLOCOM.2014.7036888.

Zannettou, S., Sirivianos, M., Blackburn, J., & Kourtellis, N. (2019). The Web of False Information. Journal of Data and Information Quality (JDIQ), Vol. 11, pp.1–37. https://doi.org/10.1145/3309699.

Смола Л. Слухи как инструмент информационно-психологического влияния // Центр информации о безопасности и обороне, 2019. URL: https://kaitsen.ee/news/sluhi-kak-instrument-informacionno-psihologichesko (дата звернення: 19.03.2021).

Bondielli, A., & Marcelloni, F. (2019). A survey on fake news and rumour detection techniques. Inf. Sci., Vol. 497, pp. 38–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2019.05.035.

REFERENCES

Stern, L. (2012). Zur Psychologie der Aussage [On the psychology of the statement]. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783111527567.

Prasad, J. (1935). The psychology of rumour: a study relating to the great Indian earthquake of 1934. British Journal of Psychology, Vol. 26, pp. 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8295.1935.tb00770.x.

Prasad, J. (1950). A comparative study of rumours and reports in earthquakes. British Journal of Psychology, Vol. 41, pp. 129–144. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8295.1950.tb00271.x.

Knapp, R. H. (1944). A psychology of rumor. Public Opinion Quarterly, Vol. 8, pp. 22–37. https://doi.org/10.1086/265665.

Allport, G. W., & Postman, L. (1947). The psychology of rumor. New York: Henry Holt.

Shibutani, T. (1966). Improvised news: A sociological study of rumor. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill.

Davis, Keith. (1971). Human behavior at work : human relations and organizational behavior. New York : McGraw-Hill.

Davis, K. (1975, June). Cut those rumors down to size. Supervisory Management, pp. 2–6.

Fine, G. A. (1985). Rumors and gossiping. In T. Van Dijk (Ed.), Handbook of Discourse Analysis (pp. 223–237). Retrieved 19 March 2021 from https://www.scholars.northwestern.edu/en/publications/rumors-and-gossiping.

Kapferer, J.-N. (1987/1990) Rumors: Uses, Interpretations and Ima­ges (B. Fink, Trans.). New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers.

Pratkanis, A. R., & Aronson, E. (1992). Age of propaganda: The everyday use and abuse of persuasion. W H Freeman/Times Books/ Henry Holt & Co.

Karajani A. G. (2003). Sluhi kak sredstvo informacionno-psihologi­cheskogo protivodejstvija [Rumors as a means of information and psychological counteraction]. Psikhologicheskiy zhurnal, Vol. 24/6, pp. 47–54.

Friggeri, A., Adamic, L.A., Eckles, D., & Cheng, J. (2014). Rumor Cascades. ICWSM. Retrieved 19 March 2021 from https://www.aaai.org/ocs/index.php/ICWSM/ICWSM14/paper/viewFile/8122/8110.

Ma, J., & Li, D. (2016). Rumor Spreading in Online-Offline Social Networks. PACIS. Retrieved 19 March 2021 from https://aisel.aisnet.org/pacis2016/173/.

Shah, D., & Zaman, T. (2011). Rumors in a Network: Who’s the Culprit? IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, Vol. 57, pp. 5163–5181. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIT.2011.2158885.

Seo, E., Mohapatra, P., & Abdelzaher, T. (2012). Identifying rumors and their sources in social networks. Defense + Commercial Sensing. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.919823.

Wang, Z., Dong, W., Zhang, W., & Tan, C. W. (2014). Rumor source detection with multiple observations: Fundamental limits and algorithms. Performance Evaluation Review, Vol. 42(1), pp. 1–13.https://doi.org/10.1145/2591971.2591993.

Finn, S., Metaxas, P., & Mustafaraj, E. (2014). Investigating Rumor Propagation with TwitterTrails. ArXiv, abs/1411.3550. Retrieved 19 March 2021 from https://arxiv.org/pdf/1411.3550.pdf.

Dang, A., Mohammad, A., Milios, E., & Minghim, R. (2016). What is in a Rumour: Combined Visual Analysis of Rumour Flow and User Activity. Proceedings of the 33rd Computer Graphics International. https://doi.org/10.1145/2949035.2949040.

Kwon, S., Cha, M., & Jung, K. (2017). Rumor Detection over Varying Time Windows. PLoS ONE, 12. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0168344.

Yang, F., Liu, Y., Yu, X., & Yang, M. (2012). Automatic detection of rumor on Sina Weibo. MDS ‘12. https://doi.org/10.1145/2350190.2350203.

Hamidian, S, Diab, M.T. (2016). Rumor identification and belief investigation on twitter. In Proceedings of NAACL-HLT (pp.3–8). San Diego, California: Association for Computational Linguistics. https://www.doi.org/10.18653%2Fv1%2FW16-0403.

Liang, G., He, W., Xu, C., Chen, L., & Zeng, J. (2015). Rumor Identi­fication in Microblogging Systems Based on Users’ Behavior. IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems, Vol. 2, pp. 99–108. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSS.2016.2517458.

Qin, Y., Wurzer, D., Lavrenko, V., & Tang, C. (2016). Spotting Rumors via Novelty Detection. ArXiv, abs/1611.06322. Retrieved 19 March 2021 from https://arxiv.org/abs/1611.06322v1.

Ma, J., Gao, W., Mitra, P., Kwon, S., Jansen, B. J., Wong, K. F., & Cha, M. (2016). Detecting rumors from microblogs with recurrent neural networks. IJCAI International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 2016-January, pp. 3818–3824. Retrieved 19 March 2021 from https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/sis_research/4630/.

Vosoughi, S., & Roy, D. (2015). A Human-Machine Collaborative System for Identifying Rumors on Twitter. 2015 IEEE International Conference on Data Mining Workshop (ICDMW), pp. 47–50. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDMW.2015.221.

Kotnis, B., & Kuri, J. (2014). Cost Effective Rumor Containment in Social Networks. ArXiv, abs/1403.6315. Retrieved 19 March 2021 from https://arxiv.org/pdf/1403.6315.pdf.

Ping,Y, Cao, Z & Zhu.H. (2014). Sybil-aware least cost rumor blo­cking in social networks. In IEEE Global Communications Confe­rence (pp. 692–697). Austin, TX, USA. https://doi.org/10.1109/GLOCOM.2014.7036888.

Zannettou, S., Sirivianos, M., Blackburn, J., & Kourtellis, N. (2019). The Web of False Information. Journal of Data and Information Quality (JDIQ), Vol. 11, pp. 1–37. https://doi.org/10.1145/3309699.

Smola, L. (2019). Slukhi kak instrument informatsionno-psikholo­gicheskogo vliyaniya [Rumors as a tool of information and psy­cho­lo­gical influence], Security and Defense Information Center. Ret­rie­ved 19 March 2021 from https://kaitsen.ee/news/sluhi-kak-instrument-informacionno-psihologichesko.

Bondielli, A., & Marcelloni, F. (2019). A survey on fake news and ru­mour detection techniques. Inf. Sci., Vol. 497, pp. 38–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2019.05.035.

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Опубліковано

2021-12-30

Як цитувати

Юркова, О. А. (2021). Чутки як соціокомунікаційний феномен. Обрії друкарства, (1-2(9-10), 121–131. https://doi.org/10.20535/2522-1078.2021.1(9).240615

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